Patriarchy / Gender exclusion Ancient–present Caste system (India focus) Ancient–present The Inquisition 12th–19th c. Medici banking dynasty 1400s–1700s Indigenous dispossession in the Americas Late 1400s–1900s Fugger Family of Augsburg 1500s–1600s British East India Company 1600s–1800s Dutch VOC (East India Company) 1600s–1800s Plantation slavery and racial caste in the Caribbean and Brazil 1700s–1800s Boss Tweed / Tammany Hall 1860s–1870s Racial segregation in the U.S. South 1870s–1960s John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil) 1880s–1910s King Leopold II (Congo Free State) 1885–1908 Andrew Carnegie (U.S. Steel) 1880s–1910s Cecil Rhodes (settler oligarchy) 1890s–1980 Henry Clay Frick (coal/steel) 1890s–1910s British suffragette suppression 1900s–1910s Stolen Generations policies 1910s–1970s Benito Mussolini 1920s–1940s Joseph Stalin 1920s–1953 Adolf Hitler 1930s–1940s Apartheid South Africa 1948–1994 Ngô Đình Diệm regime 1963 Ferdinand Marcos 1965–1986 India’s Emergency (Indira Gandhi) 1975–1977 Bill Gates 1980s–present Colombian paramilitaries / elites 1980s–2000s State and paramilitary land repression (Chiapas) 1990s–present Silvio Berlusconi 1990s–2010s Vladimir Putin 2000s–present Mark Zuckerberg 2000s–present Viktor Orbán 2010–present Elon Musk 2010s–present Xi Jinping 2012–present Narendra Modi 2014–present Donald Trump 2025–present